S. Nicholas Agoff, MD

Salivary gland enlargement, most commonly involving one or both parotid glands, is sometimes seen in association with HIV infection. Enlargement of the parotid gland may be due to diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome; lymphoepithelial cysts; or malignant tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.1,2 Non–HIV-related causes of parotid enlargement include acute and chronic viral infection, granulomatous disease, malnutrition, alcoholism, and diabetes mellitus.3,4 Here we report the case of a 41-year-old HIV-infected man with fat maldistribution syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Sialadenosis developed presumably as a result of HIV infection and hypertriglyceridemia.