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The “shawl sign” and the heliotrope rash: two skin signs that are pathognomonic of dermatomyositis. Here: a close-up look.

Two Signs of Dermatomyositis

Here: a gallery of 5 unusual clinical cases and images from our partner Figure 1.

5 Curious Medical Cases From 2014

These 2 patients presented with a swollen hand and rapidly proximally progressive edema secondary to a bite. What creature did the biting?

Swollen Hands-What’s Biting?

Nail clubbing may occur with many conditions. In these two patients, it heralded lung cancer.

Fingernail Clubbing: A Sign of Lung Cancer?

A 5-year-old boy with a history of atopic dermatitis since 6 weeks of age, presents with a rash around his mouth that has been present for approximately 1 year. The patient’s mother reports that desonide topical cream was applied to the affected area for about 5 days, which initially resulted in improvement, however the rash returned after this medication was discontinued. The rash also recently improved after the patient took amoxicillin for an infection. She also notes that the patient has been licking his lips more frequently.

On examination there is an erythematous papulopustular eruption restricted to the perioral region, with sparing of the vermillion border. Mild hyperpigmentation is noted on the patient’s neck. There is no active involvement of other areas of the body.

The eruption has been present for 1 year and is restricted to the perioral region. What is included in your differential? 

Clinical Topics

Rash Around the Mouth of a 5-year-old Child

A 67-year-old woman noted the appearance of several non-tender, rock-hard, purple-colored nodules on her legs. Her medical history was significant for distant non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

A 67-year-old woman noted the appearance of several non-tender, rock-hard, purple-colored nodules on her legs. Her medical history was significant for distant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The violaceous color and configuration of the skin lesions suggests which of the following? 

Hard Purple Nodules: Your Dx?


These 2 patients presented with a swollen hand and rapidly proximally progressive edema secondary to a bite.

A 3-year-old boy is seen for unilateral swelling on the left side of the face, in front of and behind the left ear. Findings on examination of ears, oral cavity, and teeth are normal. He is afebrile (temp, 37°C [98.6°F]), cooperative, and in no distress. He is otherwise healthy. Past medical history includes 1 MMR vaccination.

The child is bright and alert and has no fever. The swelling is on the left side of the face only. Find other clues to a diagnosis in the accompanying video.  

3-Year-Old Boy With Unilateral Facial Swelling 

A 76-year-old woman seeks your attention for an asymptomatic “red spot” on her neck. She has a history of multiple non-melanoma skin cancers.

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen  disease)

Lichenoid keratosis (an inflammatory variant of seborrheic keratosis)

A 76-year-old woman seeks your attention for an asymptomatic “red spot” on her neck. What does this look like to you?

What's This "Red Spot"?

An 89-year-old woman with a history of biopsy-proven actinic keratosis on her scalp is seen for a new erosion on the right frontal area. Two weeks of twice-daily mupirocin has brought no improvement and now crusting and purulent exudate are seen. Skin cultures taken show normal flora.

C. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp

E. Chronic actinic damage with secondary infection

An 89-year-old woman is seen for an erosion on the frontal area of the scalp. History is positive for actinic keratosis. What's your Dx?

Crusty Scalp Lesion 

Figure1

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