Treatment of HIV infection reduces the risk of transmission and can significantly improve patients’ quality of life. For these reasons, the CDC has recommended routine screening for HIV in all health care settings.1 HIV testing access in correctional facilities is the weakest link in the fight against HIV infection in the United States; increasing access to testing would improve the identification of HIV-positive inmates as they pass through prisons and jails, providing an opportunity to integrate them into the public health infrastructure of HIV care. However, numerous logistical and cost-related barriers to such testing must be addressed when determining how and when it should be conducted.

Two girls, aged 10 and 17 years, both with perinatally acquired HIV infection, participated in a 12-week, hospital-based exercise rehabilitation program of progressive resistance exercise training with an aerobic component.

Miller1 reports the results of a 3-month program of progressive resistance and aerobic exercise training in 2 perinatally HIV-infected girls: a normal-weight 10-year-old and an overweight 17-year-old. By the end of the program, both had decreases in body mass index (BMI); lost fat, including visceral fat, by at least some measures; and gained significant muscle strength. One had improved cardiovascular fitness, and both showed further improvements after completing a home-based program after the initial 12-week program.

Chen and colleagues developed a 5-gene signature that they found to be closely associated with relapse-free and overall survival among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

In a phase 2 study, the new echinocandin anidulafungin was demon-strated to be effective in the treatment of invasive candidiasis. Additional encouraging findings have recently been reported by Reboli and coworkers, who compared anidulafungin with fluconazole in a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. The study included patients 16 years or older who had invasive candidiasis; 89% had candidemia only. They were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous anidulafungin or intravenous fluconazole. After 10 days of intravenous therapy, the patients could receive oral fluconazole.

I enjoyed the case involving an 8-year-old boy whose hand was bitten by a copperhead snake but would point out the following inaccuracies.

We advise our patients with constipation to drink 500 to 750 mL of water with freshly squeezed lemon juice on arising in the morning.

Patients often fail to reap the full benefit of corticosteroid nasal sprays because they do not use these devices correctly.

Several hours after striking his closed fist against the side pillar of a passenger car, a 28-year-old man presented with acute pain and swelling of the left hand. The dorsum of the left hand appeared deformed and edematous; there were scattered abrasions but no lacerations, exposed bony fragments, ecchymosis, or active bleeding.

For several months, a 55-year-old white construction worker experienced intense burning of the skin when exposed to direct sunlight. In addition, multiple fragile blisters appeared on the dorsa of his hands and arms; these rapidly developed into crusted, superficial erosions.

AURORA, Colo. -- High-risk smokers have "tremendous" genetic damage in their bronchial endothelium even before lung cancer develops, which may provide clues in the search for a genetic screening test.

PITTSBURGH -- Underage drinking in elementary schools -- whether more than a sip or regular use -- is on the decline but still not uncommon.

Take this MedPage Today survey on the practice of naming diseases after the doctors who discovered them.

CHICAGO -- A star chef with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue is undergoing aggressive chemoradiation hoping to avoid a resection that would cripple his sense of taste.

Respondents to a MedPage Today poll were almost equally split over whether bariatric surgery should be first-line therapy in the treatment of obesity, but most of those who said Yes did so with reservations.

PRESTON, England -- From Addision's disease to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, medical eponyms remain ubiquitous in the literature in favor of more scientific descriptions of disease. Now comes a proposal to do away with Down's and its ilk.

CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa -- Only six of the 17 declared candidates for President showed up at a two-day forum designed to bring cancer care to the forefront of campaign issues, but the discussion broadened into questions of overall health care.

BRISTOL, England -- Autistic children have an impaired ability to place unfamiliar faces in memory, possibly explaining some of the social difficulties associated with the disorder, investigators here concluded.

SEATTLE -- ZIP codes and property values will provide a better handle on the scope of the nation's obesity problem than income, race, or education, investigators here reported.

MEMPHIS, Tenn. -- When imatinib (Gleevec) therapy fails in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), it may be because the B-cells involved lack a critical tumor suppressor gene, researchers here said.