Dale H. Rice, MD

These sinuses are lined by a membrane. When this membrane becomes inflamed--usually as a result of an infection or obstruction--you can get sinusitis. Sinusitis can be acute, recurrent, or chronic. Acute sinusitis responds well to treatment within a few weeks. Recurrent sinusitis is characterized by episodes that repeat at least 4 times a year. Sinusitis is considered to be chronic when symptoms persist for at least 12 weeks after treatment of acute sinusitis has ended.

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis can be caused or aggravated by a number of factors, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; asthma; allergies; and obstruction caused by nasal polyps or a deviated nasal septum. The diagnosis can usually be established clinically. Imaging studies are not routinely necessary, but a CT scan of the sinuses should be obtained if the patient has significant ocular or orbital symptoms or if sinus surgery is planned. Treatment consists of antibiotics, with consideration of a change in the regimen if the patient has already received a full course of a first-line agent. The course of treatment may need to extend to 4 weeks. Also consider adjunctive therapy, such as intranasal corticosteroids and decongestants. Patients who have allergic rhinitis may also benefit from an antihistamine and/or a leukotriene modifier. Sinus surgery is reserved for patients who do not respond to medical therapy. (J Respir Dis. 2005;26(10):415-422)