Complementary Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Why Mind-Set Is Everything

Many patients with MS use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) on their own behalf along with traditional treatments-with or without their physician’s knowledge and cooperation.
 

What happens when CAM and traditional treatments are combined systematically into an integrated treatment approach? A 6-year project sponsored by the Danish MS Society tested the feasibility of an organized collaboration between a “traditional” doctor and CAM practitioners to investigate various outcomes (eg, symptoms and quality of life) for patients with MS.¹
 

The project revealed some interesting predictors of positive response to integrated treatment that had as much to do with the patients’ characteristics as with the success of the collaboration between various practitioners. Here, Lasse Skovgaard describes the study and its implications for care of patients with this disease.

Please describe the project?
Our 6-year research project-The MS Treatment Team Project-started in 2004. At that time, interest in CAM had been increasing among the members of the Danish MS Society. A survey showed that half of our members used CAM regularly-often in combination with conventional treatments.
 

At that time, little was known about possible benefits and challenges of combining conventional and CAM treatments for people with MS. Therefore we initiated the MS Treatment Team Project as a pioneer project with the aim of gaining more knowledge within this field. We established an integrative team of practitioners that included 5 conventional practitioners and 5 CAM practitioners; these 10 worked together to offer integrated courses of treatment to 200 people with MS. A group of 150 people with MS received only conventional treatment at another MS hospital and constituted a comparison group.

The project took place at one of the Danish MS hospitals. It ended in 2010, but it continues to inspire the ongoing development of rehabilitation program. The goals of the project were to investigate the collaboration process and to assess outcomes over 18 months from different methodological angles.

What alternatives therapies were used?
We included the 5 CAM modalities most commonly used by people with MS in Denmark. They were acupuncture, homeopathy, reflexology, craniosacral therapy, and nutritional therapy. The practitioners who administered these therapies were appointed by their professional organizations and all had experience treating people with MS.
 

What were the key findings?
From the quantitative perspective we found no significant differences in the overall development of self-reported symptom burden between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life among those individuals who participated in the dual approach to therapy. The difference in quality of life lay in the areas of emotional well-being and thinking and fatigue.¹ An explorative interview study showed that the participants in the dual-approach group obtained very different types of outcomes-from no outcomes at all to long-term positive outcomes with physical symptoms and also with mental and emotional aspects. An important outcome for many of the participants was the acquisition of tools to support their own ongoing assessment and regulation of interventions used and thereby their active participation in the course of treatment.²
 

Were there any predictors of positive response?
Participants who experienced long-term positive outcomes were characterized by a process-oriented perception of treatment mechanisms. They seemed more likely to take the next step, and to participate actively in assessing whether the interventions used were successful. They engaged in a mental and physical learning process, accumulating their experiences and using them in an ongoing manner. Among those who experienced long-term positive outcomes, we saw that a neutral or negative outcome could also be a part of their learning process and could thereby indirectly lead them to self-initiate new interventions. It turned out to be very much a question of mind-set.
 

Would you comment about the challenges care providers faced in trying to collaborate?
Collaboration was a challenge for 10 practitioners with very different backgrounds. A neurologist and a homeopathic physician have very different perceptions of such basic concepts as disease, symptoms, health, and science. It took a long time to achieve mutual understandings, but the process was fruitful for all practitioners.³
 

The team did not succeed in creating quite the interdisciplinary effort we had hoped for. However, it did achieve many interdisciplinary goals and jointly the 10 practitioners developed an integrated treatment model for rehabilitation of people with MS, which is quite an achievement.⁴
 

Does this study offer any general insights into CAM?
In Denmark-as in many Western countries-CAM has become increasingly popular over the past 20 years. The conventional health care system has generally met this development with unconcern. I believe that there is a lack of critical awareness about possible inconveniences and risks connected with use of CAM treatments-and a lack of awareness about their possible benefits. These benefits often need to be perceived-and researched-in different ways than conventional medical treatments, not least because the goals of CAM treatments and conventional medical treatments often differ. The former seeks to strengthen the whole organism and support the healing process; the latter is used to alleviate a specific symptom.   
 

What lessons does your study offer physicians who treat patients with MS?
We found that there are many possible benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration. We showed that by collaborating, conventional health care providers and CAM practitioners achieved a broad frame of understanding, which turned out to be very beneficial with regard to meeting the individual patient.
 

This project shed some light on the potential of an integrated and holistic approach to MS therapy. It pointed out the importance of the patient’s own efforts as well as the need for accommodating the complexity and individuality of the disease. New research projects have been initiated as a result.
 

References
1. Bjerre L, Henningsen L, Skovgaard L, et al. Self-reported changes in quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis who have participated in treatments based on collaboration between conventional healthcare providers and CAM practitioners. 2011. Eur J Integr Med. 2011;3:e271-e279.
2. Skovgaard L, Launsø L, Pedersen IK, et al. Combination treatment of people with multiple sclerosis based on collaboration between conventional healthcare providers and alternative practitioners-patient perspectives on outcomes. J Complement Integr Med. 2011;8:1-31.
3. Skovgaard L, Haahr N, Bjerre L, Launsø L. Types of collaboration between conventional and alternative practitioners-results from a research project at a Danish MS hospital.Int J Integr Care. 2010;10:e119.
4. Skovgaard L, Bjerre L, Haahr N, et al. An investigation of multidisciplinary complex health care interventions-steps towards an integrative treatment model in the rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis.BMC Complement Altern Med. Published online 23 Apr 2012.